CELL PHONE SENSOR SYSTEM TO
PREVENT NUCLEAR TERRORISM
b.obuliraj
b.e-cse
ABSTRACT
Cell phones today also function
as Internet computers that can report their locations and data to their towers
in real time. The cell phone sensor system would use the same process to send
an extra signal to a home station. The software can uncover information from
this data and evaluate the levels of radiation that detected from the source of
threat. The sensors don’t really perform the detection task individually. The
collective action of the sensors, combined with the software analysis, detects
the source. The system would transmit signals to a data center, and the data
center would transmit information to authorities without alerting the person
carrying the phone. The signal grows weaker with increasing distance from the
source, and the software is able to use the data from many cell phones to
pinpoint the location of the radiation source. In addition to detecting
radiological dirty bombs designed to scatter hazardous radioactive materials
over an area, the system also could be used to detect nuclear weapons, which
create a nuclear chain reaction that causes a powerful explosion. The system
also could be used to detect spills of radioactive materials.
INTRODUCTION:
Dirty bombs and other
radiological devices that could possibly be used in a terrorist attack will
soon be easier to track, locate and possibly diffuse by this cell phone sensor
system. The system will use a network of cell phones to detect and track
radiation to help in preventing terrorist attacks with radiological “dirty
bombs” and nuclear weapons because the system could blanket the nation with
millions of cell phones equipped with radiation sensors able to detect even
light residues of radioactive material as cell phones already contain global
positioning locators, the network of phones would serve as a tracking system. A smart phone that can detect radiation may soon be
helping the police to find the raw materials for radioactive “dirty bombs”
before they are deployed.
CELL PHONE SENSORS:
The cell phone sensor system integrates in a single,
low cost device the many and various sensor features required for simultaneous
detection of various threats like
Ø Biological
threats
Ø Chemical
threats
Ø Radiological
threats
These threats are identified regardless of location. The
ubiquitous nature of cell phones give this system that’s meant to be small,
cheap and eventually built into laptops, personal digital assistants and other
means. The system was developed by
integrating the software with radiation detectors and cell phones. In this
system, the phone measures continuously the level of radiation around it and
transmits it to a central computer via an always-on Internet connection. The
phone will also send time and location information gathered from its GPS unit. When these phones are deployed around the
area, they will form a radiation monitoring network dubbed the RadNet. The system uses two main
functioning in a cellphone .They are
Ø
Compact Radiation Detector
Ø
Global-Positioning-System Unit
RADIATION
DETECTION BY CELL PHONE SENSOR:
A sophisticated radiation sensor, such as a Cadmium
Zinc Telluride (CZT) produced by ev Products, and associated electronics that
can discriminate between radiation sources can be reduced to a single chip and
integrated directly into a cell phone by cell phone
Manufacturers. New-generation
gamma-ray sensors and a global-positioning-system (GPS)
module are built into a cell phone. The device uses pixelated cadmium zinc
telluride (CdZnTe, often abbreviated CZT) detectors coupled with an
ultra-low-power readout with moderate energy resolution. The device requires no
cooling and is battery-powered (24 to 48 hours on a single charge). Because the
poorer-quality sections of the CZT crystal are left unconnected, we can use
less-expensive, commercial-grade detector materials. The material is literally
"sliced and diced" from the ingot, with no material selection or
individual detector testing required.
Cell
phone sensor in radiation detection
When a gamma-ray photon strikes the
CZT it knocks a number of electrons out of position, producing a cascade of
electron-hole pairs. A voltage applied across the crystal turns these into a
current whose strength depends on the energy of the incident photons. This in
turn allows the radionuclide that generated the gamma rays - caesium-137 or
cobalt-60, for example - to be identified.
The crystal is divided into 64
separate sensing "pixels" in which each pixel acts as a detector on
its own. They then simply discard the output from the 10% to 15% of pixels that
do not work because of defects. By using four of these crystals in each phone,
reasonable sensitivity could be achieved.
CHEMICAL DETECTION USING THE SYSTEM:
In addition to providing a built-in radiation sensor,
chemical sensor requirements can also be accommodated, with the best approach
being to add to a modified cell phone a standard sensor port (e.g. SDIO) for an
interchangeable miniature multi-chemical sensor module that can be replaced, as
necessary and adapted for any chemical detection needed.
Cell phone sensor in chemical detection
BIOLOGICAL DETECTION BY CELL PHONE SENSOR:
Biological
sensor modules can also be used with a sensor port, but such sensors may be
costly to use for the immediate future.
A lower cost
alternative is to add to the cell phone an RFID reader chip to read remote,
disposable wireless RFID sensors.
Such sensors
can be for any application (chemical, radiological or biological) but
specifically will include low cost disposable biological sensors (immunoassays
that are similar to pregnancy tests), as illustrated below for anthrax or any
other bioterrorism agent. Disposable printable immunoassays combined with RFID
(or RFID electro-immunoassays) can be produced that will detect any pathogen,
anywhere.
Cell
phone sensor in biological detection
RFID READER AND RADIATION SENSOR:
RFID in radiation cell sensor
By combining an RFID reader and a radiation sensor in
a cell phone, the need for sophisticated and expensive “high end” detectors is
significantly reduced because authentication of suspicious packages can be
instantly achieved via the data (e.g. the given expected radiation spectrum or signature)
associated with the unique ID of the RFID tag. These data would instantly
download into a cell phone from a remote web server, and overlays what the cell
phone detects to validate legitimate shipments.
In other words, false positives can be avoided for
legitimate medical, scientific or industrial radiological shipments. The only component
required (in addition to the phone) would be to mandate that all radiological
packages the areas be labeled with disposable wireless RFID tags.
FEATURES OF CELL PHONE SENSOR:
The cell phone would resemble an ordinary cell phone, but
would have the following added features and benefits:
Ø Real time detection, geolocation, and remote
validation of radiological threats
Ø Real time authentication of any package (via
low cost RFID tags)
Ø Real time detection of given chemical threats
(depending on the selected module)
Ø Ability
to read either wireless or modular biological sensors
Ø Instant
update, sensor calibration, and RFID validation, anywhere in the world
Ø Ability
to upgrade and adapt to future sensors (sensor modules or RFID sensors)
CONCLUSION:
The combination of a cell phone with built-in radiation
sensor, RFID reader chip, and external sensor port provides a new type of low
cost, universal cell phone meeting current and future threat detection needs.
This device can be manufactured very quickly and the technology can also be
deployed within NATO and other countries worldwide seeking a wide area, low
cost universal threat detection technology. WEST LAFAYETTE, the Researchers at Purdue
University are working with the state
of Indiana to
develop this system to prevent terrorist attacks with radiological "dirty
bombs" and nuclear weapons.
REFERENCES:
Ø Chris
A Pickett et al, Current Applications of the Oak Ridge Sensors for Enhancing
Nuclear Safeguards
Ø P.R.
Bennet et al, Multi-Element Detectors
for Gamma Ray Detection
Ø Back
to Eurekalert ! (public release date:22 -Jan -2008) venere@purdue.edu, Purdue
university
No comments:
Post a Comment